After the First Trimester. Late-Term Abortion

What Is a Late Termination of Pregnancy, and When Is It Legal?

• Late-term abortion refers to any abortion performed after the first trimester. This is a colloquial rather than a medical term.
• In most areas, exceptions allow for abortions until birth, such as rape, incest, and the mother's health.
• Late-term abortions require methods other than those used within the first 12 weeks.

📖 This article provides information on late-term abortions (e.g., gestational limits and abortion methods).

• ⚖️ Wondering whether to have an abortion or not? – Take the Abortion Test

Overview

What Are Late-Term Abortions, and How Far Along in Pregnancy Can You Have One?

A late-term abortion is understood as a termination of pregnancy performed after the first trimester (i.e., after the first 12 weeks of pregnancy). According to CDC's Abortion Surveillance 2021 statistics, 6.6% of US abortions are performed after week 13. Theoretically, abortions are possible up until birth. A distinction is usually made between:

• Second-trimester abortions, ending at viability* at around 24 weeks,
• And third-trimester abortions, starting around week 25.

*Viability is the stage at which survival outside the womb is possible.

When Is It Legal to Have a Late-Term Abortion?

If you live in an area with a threshold restriction for late-term abortions, specific reasons must be provided that allow for an exception.

Conditions for Late-Term Abortions

If a doctor deems an abortion necessary to save the mother's life, abortion is permitted in most countries, even where abortion is illegal. Other indications that may allow for a late abortion are socioeconomic, the health of the mother, fetal anomalies, rape, or incest.

This table provides you with information on late-term abortion exceptions in your region. The numbers indicate the time limit for abortion in weeks of gestation, counting from your last menstrual period (LMP), according to the specific reason provided.

United States of America

British Isles

Australian Commonwealth

Canadian States

While abortion is unrestricted throughout Canada, availability differs from state to state. Here you can find out until when abortion is offered in your region:

Other English-Speaking Countries

Non-English-Speaking Countries

Europe:

• Austria: Spätabtreibung: ja oder nein?
• Germany:Spätabtreibung: ja oder nein?
• Italy:Aborto terapeutico: sì o no?
• Portugal:Abortar em caso de deficiência
• Switzerland:Spätabtreibung: ja oder nein?

2nd and 3rd Trimester Abortions

• Legal parameters for abortions are usually given with the mother's well-being in mind. The risk of a late-term abortion is weighed against the trauma of the abortion indicator. Therefore, socio-economic reasons and general health concerns are commonly accepted as abortion indicators in early pregnancy only. Conversely, if the mother’s life is in danger, she is always permitted to have an abortion.
• The severity of fetal defects is usually considered. Abortions are often limited to defects that would drastically shorten the child's lifespan.

Abnormal findings or detection of disability would make you feel like your world has been flipped upside down. Dreams and plans come to a standstill as the situation takes on an enormous weight.

It is natural to desire your child to be healthy—this shows you care!

Maybe you just had a stressful experience at a prenatal examination and came upon this article hoping to find clear answers.

🩺 Facing the question of whether to have a fetal defect abortion or not? – Take the Self-Assessment!

🕰 If you are facing this decision, you probably still have time to envision several different scenarios of what your future could look like.

However, many women say they feel like they are running a marathon—battling their hopes and fears. Your medical provider may have also given the impression that you must decide and act quickly.

But, especially now, take the time to carefully consider every possible step.
Ask yourself: What do I want? Who has my back? What are my long-term goals?

Process of Late-Term Abortions

Should a woman fall within the spectrum of exceptions and choose to pursue a late termination of pregnancy, the following steps can be expected:

• It is usually necessary for a doctor to diagnose a medical indication for abortion.
• Frequently, informed consent is required. In this case, a state-mandated counselor will present you with information on all your options to ensure that your decision is given due deliberation.
• Unless urgent medical intervention is necessary, state-regulated waiting periods of three to seven days are often implemented.
• A blood test and an ultrasound are often performed at a preliminary appointment.

Late-Term Abortion Methods

Late terminations of pregnancy, performed after the first trimester, require their own methods. Neither medical abortions via the abortion pill, D&Cs, nor vacuum aspirations are used past the first 12–14 weeks.

Three methods are available for late-term abortions:

1. Dilation and Evacuation – D&E (Uterine Suction Curettage) This is a surgical procedure using vacuum aspiration performed in the second trimester. A suction catheter removes the amniotic fluid. Using forceps, the fetus is then dismembered and extracted in pieces from the womb. Finally, suction and curettage is performed to ensure that all fetal material has been removed.
   • 94-98% of second-trimester abortions, of which 92% are under 20 weeks, are performed via D&E (UpToDate 2022).
     
2. Induction Abortion Medications are used to start the process of labor and delivery. If the fetus is too young to survive outside the womb, it usually dies during the birthing process. Once the fetus has reached 22 weeks and could potentially be born alive, a potassium chloride injection is given to stop its heartbeat. This leads to fetal demise.

• Induction abortions account for most other second and third-trimester abortions (2-6% of late-term abortions). Unlike the other abortion methods, which are outpatient, inductions usually require a two- to three-day hospital stay.
  

Before using this procedure in the US, the fetus must be given an injection to stop its heartbeat. It is then delivered feet first, with the head remaining inside the woman’s body. Scissors are inserted in the back of the fetus' neck creating a hole. The baby’s brain is then suctioned out and the head collapsed, reducing the head circumference for removal.

This procedure can be performed in the second and third trimester of pregnancy.

🏥 Abortion Methods: What do I need to know? — Take the Test!

Pregnant After the First Trimester and Searching for Answers…

You may be facing the decision of whether to have a late-term abortion. Your pregnancy may have taken an unexpected turn. This is something you could not have foreseen. Or perhaps you only just found out you were pregnant. Since you are already beyond the first three months of pregnancy, you are now considering a late termination of pregnancy…

Several aspects play a role in making a late-term abortion more difficult than an early termination:

• The further along you are in the pregnancy, the greater the risks and side effects.
  For more details, go to Risks and Side Effects of Late-Term Abortions.
• Knowing that the baby is close to, or even beyond, the point at which it could survive outside the womb also adds a greater emotional component.

🛤 Are you concerned whether an abortion could affect you long term? — Take the Test

You are probably under immense pressure right now. Many women in your shoes have had the experience that the people around them felt at a loss for words and did not know how to respond.

You were probably also met with a sense of helplessness, given unsolicited advice, or received some harsh judgment. In all likelihood, your worries have fallen on deaf ears.

You have not been given a safe place to voice your concerns, fears, and aspirations .

Our desire for you is that you would not be left stranded but that you would receive the care you deserve. That is why we have compiled resources that are tailor-made for your situation.

• ⚖️ Late-term abortion: Yes or no? Take the Abortion Test and receive an immediate evaluation.
• 💡 Your greatest concern —Take the Solutions Finder Test.

The Stats: Late-Term Abortions

It is estimated that 10–15% of abortions worldwide happen after the first trimester (Reproductive Health Matters, 2010).

In 2021, 5.7% of abortions in the US were performed in the second trimester, and 0.9% of abortions were performed within the third trimester (CDC Report 2023).