The civil service is a sector of government composed mainly of career bureaucrats hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership.
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Bureaucracy : A system of government in which most decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
Public Administration : The implementation of government policy and also an academic discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for working in public service.
Merit System : A system of hiring and promotion based on demonstrated performance rather than political patronage.